Human–AI Collaboration in Radiotherapy: Redefining the Role of Radiation Oncologists

Abstract

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into radiotherapy is reshaping a discipline long defined by human expertise and experience 1. Over the past decade, AI has moved from isolated applications in image processing to a pervasive presence across the radiotherapy workflow, spanning image reconstruction, contouring, treatment planning, and outcome prediction [1]. Much of the early discussion has focused on efficiency gains and workflow standardization. Yet a more fundamental shift is now underway. AI is beginning to influence how clinical decisions are made, raising a deeper question about whether the role of radiation oncologists itself is being redefined.